"A Banca do Serviȯ do Povo" Polt̕ica e Economia durante o PREC (1974-75)

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Este livro ocupa-se da nacionalizaȯ̂ da banca no contexto do processo revolucionr̀io portugus̊ de 1974-75. Baseado num vasto acervo de fontes documentais e inspirado num conjunto de ferramentas ter̤icas desenvolvidas por Mario Tronti, Walter Benjamin e Michel Foucault, o seu ponto de partida ǔma interrogaȯ̂ incontornv̀el: por que razô uma medida que nô constava do Programa do Movimento das Forȧs Armadas e assumia implicaė̳s tô considerv̀eis, a curto e a longo prazo, obteve um apoio suficientemente alargado para ser inscrita na Constituiȯ̂ da Repb͠lica enquanto uma conquista irreversv̕el da classe trabalhadora? A resposta ensaiada ao longo destas pg̀inas estabelece uma articulaȯ̂ entre conflitos sociais e economia polt̕ica, identificando-a enquanto o centro de gravidade do processo que conduziria n̉acionalizaȯ̂ da banca. Nesse sentido, analisa o modo como as lutas sociais contribur̕am para um processo de radicalizaȯ̂ cumulativa iniciado no final do Estado Novo, que ganharia intensidade crescente ao longo do processo revolucionr̀io. Simultaneamente, tenta compreender por que razô o diagns̤tico da situaȯ̂ econm̤ica contribuiu para polarizar o combate polt̕ico, cartografando as linhas de forȧ de um debate que conheceu sucessivas declinaė̳s e abrangeu aspetos tô diversos como a inflaȯ̂, a legislaȯ̂ laboral ou as relaė̳s de propriedade. Num contexto de crise econm̤ica e revolucionr̀ia, o setor bancr̀io converteu-se num ponto crt̕ico da relaȯ̂ entre trabalho e capital: a concessô de crďito assumiria uma importńcia decisiva aps̤ o 25 de Abril, com os sindicatos a atribuir aos banqueiros props̤itos de desestabilizaȯ̂ associados p̉rt̀ica de "sabotagem econm̤ica"; na sequn̊cia da nacionalizaȯ̂ do setor, por sua vez, governantes, gestores e sindicalistas propuseram-se colocar "a banca ao serviȯ do povo", no contexto de uma breve experin̊cia de "transiȯ̂ socialista" cujo eco se faria sentir no texto da Constituiȯ̂ da Repb͠lica. O caso da banca revela-se assim uma chave interpretativa privilegiada para identificar o elenco de problemas e o horizonte de possibilidades que dominou a conjuntura histr̤ica a seguir ao 25 de Abril. Este livro prope̳-se contribuir para o amadurecimento do campo historiogrf̀ico dedicado ỉnterpretaȯ̂ do processo revolucionr̀io de 1975-75, estabelecendo um dil̀ogo crt̕ico com os trabalhos de investigaȯ̂ produzidos acerca do tema ao longo dos l͠timos anos.

This book deals with the nationalization of the bank sector in the context of the Portuguese revolutionary process of 1974-75. Based on a vast collection of documentary sources and inspired by a set of theoretical tools developed by Mario Tronti, Walter Benjamin and Michel Foucault, it starts with an inescapable interrogation: how could a measure that was not included in the Armed Forces Movement Program and had such considerable implications, both in the short and in the long term, obtained enough support to be included in the Constitution as an irreversible conquest of the working class? The response developed in the following pages establishes an articulation between social conflicts and political economy, identifying it as the centre of gravity of the process that would lead to the nationalization of the bank sector. In this sense, it analyzes the way in which social struggles contributed to a process of cumulative radicalization, initiated at the end of the Estado Novo and which would gain increasing intensity throughout the revolutionary process. At the same time, it seeks to understand why the diagnosis of the economic situation contributed to polarize the political struggle, by mapping the lines of force of a debate that underwent successive declinations and covered different aspects, such as inflation, labour laws or property relations. In a context of economic and revolutionary crisis, the banking sector became a critical point in the capital-labour relation: credit concession would take on decisive importance after 25 April, with labour-unions accusing bankers of pursuing destabilization strategies associated with the practice of "economic sabotage"; in the wake of its nationalization, in turn, government officials, managers and trade-unionists sought to put "the banks at the service of the people", in the context of a brief experience of "socialist transition" that would make its way into the text of the Constitution. The case of the bank sector is therefore a privileged interpretative-key to identify the set of problems and the horizon of possibilities that dominated the historical conjuncture following the 25th of April. This book is a contribution to the maturation of the historiographical field dedicated to the interpretation of the revolutionary process of 1975-75, establishing a critical dialogue with the works that have been produced on the subject over the last years.

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