Introduction to policing

Completely reorganized and updated version of: Contemporary municipal policing / William P. McCamey, Gene L. Scaramella, Steven M. Cox. c2003.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Preface -- 1: Policing In America -- Chapter learning objectives -- Concept of police -- History of American policing: an overview -- Early history of policing -- Political era -- Reform era -- Policing in the 1960s and 1970s -- Community policing/problem solving era (1980-2000) -- Recent policing strategies -- Areal policing -- Reassurance policing -- Intelligence-led or intelligence-based policing -- Terrorism-oriented policing -- Diversity in police services -- Current issues in policing -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- 2: Recruitment And Selection Of Police Officers -- Chapter learning objectives -- Importance of recruitment and selection -- Process of recruitment and selection -- Equal employment opportunity and affirmative action -- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 -- Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) -- Americans with Disabilities Act -- Entry-level recruitment and selection -- Status tests -- Physical tests -- Mental tests -- Psychological tests -- Tests of morality -- Background investigations -- Tests of ability to communicate -- Supervisory recruitment and selection -- Assessment centers -- Recruitment and selection of police chiefs -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- 3: Police Training And Education -- Chapter learning objectives -- Introduction -- Police training -- How much training is enough? -- Types of training -- Basic recruit training -- Field training -- Inservice training -- Other types of training -- Training and police leaders -- Training effectiveness -- Purposes of training -- Who should conduct police training? -- Police education -- Types of police education -- Police educational requirements -- College education and police performance -- Higher education and the police: a continuing controversy -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- 4: Police Culture -- Chapter learning objectives -- Police subculture -- Danger, authority, and efficiency -- Police personality: myth or reality? -- Stresses and strains of police work -- Personal costs of police work -- Task demands -- Role demands -- Role ambiguity -- Interpersonal demands -- Physical demands -- Forms of police stress -- Stages of stress -- Burnout -- Stress and police families -- Police shootings and critical incidents as a source of stress -- Attempts to combat police stress -- Dealing with stress in police organizations -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises --

5: Law, Court Decisions, And The Police -- Chapter learning objectives -- First Amendment -- Second Amendment -- Fourth Amendment -- Probable cause and reasonableness -- Searches and seizures with a warrant -- Police stops -- Police searches incident to arrest -- Consent searches -- Fifth Amendment -- Fourteenth Amendment -- Exclusionary rule -- Police use of force -- Patriot Act, Homeland Security, and terrorism -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- 6: Police Work: Operations And Functions -- Chapter learning objectives -- Basic police functions -- Order maintenance -- Investigations and forensic science -- Styles of policing -- Patrol strength and allocation -- Types of patrol -- Patrol innovations -- Evaluation of police performance -- Police and the media -- Media relations programs -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- 7: Police Organizations And Administration: An Overview -- Chapter learning objectives -- Organizational structures -- Police hierarchy and the pyramid -- Paramilitary structure -- Functional design -- Operations division -- Patrol -- Investigations -- Administrative or staff services division -- Place design -- Time design -- Future organizational designs -- Police organizations in context -- Change in police organizations -- Police leadership -- Police chiefs -- Police unions, professionalism, and accreditation -- Police unions and collective bargaining -- Police professionalism -- Police unions and professionalism -- Accreditation -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- 8: Discretion, Ethics, And Accountability In Policing -- Chapter learning objectives -- Introduction -- Police discretion -- Controlling discretion and encouraging ethical behavior -- Commitment to the importance of ethical decision making -- Improved hiring practices -- Elimination of quotas -- Intolerance of malfeasance -- In-car video cameras -- Responsible and proactive data collection efforts -- Positive media relations -- Ethics in policing -- Racial profiling -- Police accountability -- Professionalism and the police -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- Appendix A -- 9: Police Misconduct -- Chapter learning objectives -- Introduction -- Police corruption -- Background of police corruption -- Types of misconduct -- Corruption of authority -- Kickbacks -- Shakedowns -- Bribes -- Opportunistic theft -- Protection of illegal activities -- Causes and consequences of police misconduct -- Nonfeasance -- Drug-related corruption -- Noble cause corruption -- Physical and emotional abuse -- Emotional abuse and psychological harassment by police officers -- Excessive use of force -- Misconduct: management and administrative issues -- Correcting and preventing misconduct -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises --

10: Policing In A Multicultural Setting -- Chapter learning objectives -- Policing in a multicultural and multiethnic society -- Police-community relations -- Human relations in policing -- Police-minority encounters -- Police public relations -- Biased enforcement and racial profiling -- Citizen complaints -- Police-media relations -- Other police efforts -- Police and public in multicultural relations -- Cultural diversity and awareness training -- Police responsiveness and accountability -- Role or community members in multicultural relations -- Women and minorities in policing -- Women in policing -- Policewomen as viewed by the public, their supervisors, and male officers -- Factors affecting the performance of policewomen -- Recruiting female officers -- Minority police officers -- Black police officers -- Hispanic police officers -- Asian police officers -- Gay and lesbian police officers -- Recruiting and retaining minorities as police officers -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- 11: Contemporary Strategies In Policing -- Chapter learning objectives -- Community policing -- LEMAS survey -- Problem-oriented policing and COP -- Research on community and problem-oriented policing -- Criticisms of community policing -- Some examples of community policing efforts -- Changes and innovations in policing strategies -- Intelligence-led policing situational crime prevention -- Hot spot policing -- Directed patrol -- Differential response policing -- Saturation patrol and crackdowns -- Third party policing -- Evidence-based policing -- Pulling levers policing -- Broken windows policing -- CompStat -- Incident command systems -- Dual career ladder -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- 12: Technology And The Police -- Chapter learning objectives -- Computers -- Video cameras: safety and accountability -- Eavesdropping technology -- Computers and cameras -- Crime mapping and CompStat -- Crime mapping -- CompStat -- Cell phones -- Fingerprints, DNA, and other biological identifiers -- Fingerprints -- DNA -- Police use of speed detection devices or systems -- Body armor and weapons -- Police weapons -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- 13: Global Issues: Implications For The Police -- Chapter learning objectives -- Introduction -- Transnational crime -- Organized crime -- Costs of organized crime -- White collar crime -- Costs of white collar crime -- Terrorism -- Proliferation of terrorism -- Homeland Security and the police response office of Homeland Security -- U S Patriot Act -- Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) statute -- First responder preparedness and the role of the public -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- 14: Private And Contract Police -- Chapter learning objectives -- History and background -- Development of the modern security era -- Security today -- Terrorism and modern private security operations -- Private and contract security personnel -- Private detectives and investigators -- Security guards and gaming surveillance officers -- Licensure -- Employment -- Executive protection services -- Public police and private security -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises --

15: Future Of Policing In The United States -- Chapter learning objectives -- Changing police role -- Research and planning as police functions -- Changing the police image -- Community and problem oriented policing -- Civilianization -- Accreditation -- Lateral entry -- Training -- Education -- Police leadership -- Private and contract security personnel -- Technological changes in policing -- Clarifying the police role -- Predictive policing -- Role of community policing -- Intelligence-led policing and terrorism -- Terrorism laws -- Chapter summary -- Key terms -- Discussion questions -- Internet exercises -- Glossary -- References -- Photo credits -- Index -- About the authors.

Synopsis: Focusing on the thought-provoking, contemporary issues that underscore the challenging world of policing, this easy-to-understand text balances theory, research, and practice to give students a comprehensive overview of both the foundations of policing and the expanded role of today's police officers. The engaging writing style and stories from the field, coupled with unique coverage of the issues of policing in multicultural communities the impact of globalization on policing, make this book a must have for policing courses. Key features: Around the world sections provide an international perspective on policing issues to prepare readers to think and plan globally in today's interconnected world. You decide features present realistic policing dilemmas and ask students to propose possible solutions. Case in point features use current news articles to illustrate one or more of each chapter's major issues. Police stories features use first-person vignettes, drawn from the authors' previous law enforcement experiences, to bring policing dilemmas to life. Chapter-ending study aids include learning objectives, key terms, key points, 8 to 10 discussion questions based on the learning objectives, 3 to 5 web exercises, and links to scholarly articles. A comprehensive online ancillary package includes a password-protected instructor teaching site and an open-access Student Study Site. Student Study Site with self-quizzes, journal articles, and links to online videos and audio programming, among other learning enhancements.